Distillation is the separation of liquid mixtures depending on the difference in the volatility of the components. Greater the difference in volatilities, easier is the separation. Vapour flows up the column and liquid counter-currently down the column. The vapour and liquid are brought into contact on trays (sieve, bubble cap, etc) or packing (random, structured, etc). Part of the condensate from the condenser is returned to the top of the column to provide liquid flow above the feed point (reflux), and part of the liquid from the base of the column is vaporised in the re-boiler and returned to provide the vapour flow.
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